The Supply Adjustment Process in Retail Space Markets

Previous research has reported that the real estate market for retail space is slow to adjust, however, comparatively little research has investigated the supply of retail space for individual metropolitan markets. This study presents our findings by metropolitan statistical area (MSA) of the mean retail space supply lag, the short- and long-run retail space supply elasticities with respect to retail sales and the response of retail space supply to interest rate changes. The considerable variation in mean retail space supply lags and supply elasticities for our sample of fifty-six major MSAs has important implications for investors, developers and others who hold financial stakes in the supply of retail space.

Vključevanje potrošnikov v oblikovanje trga lesne biomase na primeru anketiranih gospodinjstev

The research of wood fuel trade is market management oriented at household level. We devoted our attention to determine the key questions, market segmentation and market potentials. 909 households, which took part in the questionnaire and received financial support to purchase a wood biomass boilerfrom 2003 until 2006, represented our data source. The analysed pattern of questionnaired households indicates a vast unrealized developmental potential at placing additional quantities of chunkwood and forest chips on the market. Own forests still represent the most important heating source in households. Switching to wood biomass heating is practiced particularly by fuel oil consumers. Since the consumer has been placed into the centre of our research, we present some fundamental findings on product making and product development, its price, sale, promotion and management control. Our findings indicate that right business decisions and the ability to adjust to the marketfluctuation enable us good developmental possibilities.Raziskava trga lesne biomase je usmerjena v tržno poslovanje na ravni gospodinjstev. Posveča se definiranju ključnih vprašanj, segmentaciji tržišča ter tržnemu potencialu. Vir podatkov je 909 anketiranih prejemnikov finančnih vzpodbud za nakup kotla na lesno biomaso v letih od 2003 do vključno 2006. Vzorec anketiranih gospodinjstev kaže velik in nedosežen potencial pri plasiranju dodatnih količin sekancev in polen na trg. Lasten gozd je še vedno najpomembnejši vir goriva. Prehajanje na ogrevanje z lesno biomaso je največjepri potrošnikih kurilnega olja. Ker je bil potrošnik postavljen v središče raziskave, smo podali temeljne ugotovitve o ustvarjanju in razvoju proizvoda, ceni, prodaji, promociji in kontroli poslovanja. Ugotovitve kažejo,da pravilne poslovne odločitve in sposobnost prilagajanja gibanju trga odpirajo dobre razvojne možnosti

Franchising in Residential Brokerage

This paper explores the profitability of real estate franchises. The database for the study consists of observations from the National Association of Realtors©' 2001 survey of real estate brokerage firms. Franchises are found to generate additional revenue for franchisees. However, net margins defined as the difference between revenues received and expenses paid (including franchise royalties) are lower for firms with franchises. The findings indicate that franchisors appear to extract the excess rents from the franchisee.

Technology and Real Estate Brokerage Firm Financial Performance

This study investigates the impact of Internet usage on the financial performance of residential real estate brokerage firms using a database of over 1,700 observations. Factor loadings and a factor score for Internet usage are developed. The results show that Internet use is positively related to revenue and net income, and negatively related to net margin. In a second stage analysis, Internet use is found to be positively associated with franchise affiliation, affiliation with a referral /relocation network and firm size, while negatively related to firm age, single-office firms and location in the West and South (relative to the Northeast).

Die intraossäre Blutgefäßversorgung der distalen Pferdegliedmaße anhand von Scheibenplastinaten

Seit Jahrzehnten versuchen Wissenschaftler intraossäre Gefäße darzustellen. Vom 12. bis 16. April 1977 demonstrierte von Hagens der Anatomischen Gesellschaft in Aachen seine „Neue Möglichkeiten der Kunststoffeinbettung für histologische Großpräparate und makroskopische Trockenpräparate“. Diese neue Möglichkeit der Kunststoffeinbettung führte in der Humanmedizin zu einer Revolution der Plastination. Endlich ist es möglich verschiedenste Gewebe in toto oder in Scheiben nahezu naturgetreu zu konservieren. Mit Hilfe der daraus weiterentwickelten Methoden der Scheibenplastination und sekundären Scheibenplastination nach Notermans sind sechs distale Pferdefußabschnitte präpariert worden, um die intraossäre Blutgefäßversorgung darstellen zu können. Fünf Zehenendorgane wurden mit der Scheibenplastination und ein Zehenendorgan mit Hilfe der sekundären Scheibenplastination präpariert. Die Scheibenplastination und die sekundäre Scheibenplastination sind Methoden um intraossäre Blutgefäße darzustellen. Man benötigt dafür jedoch ein hohes Maß an dreidimensionalen Vorstellungsvermögen um den Verlauf einzelner Gefäße über mehrere Plastinatsscheiben verfolgen zu können. Darüber hinaus zeigen beide Methoden weitere Vorteile gegenüber anderen Fixationsmethoden. Fast alle Gewebe lassen sich anhand beider Techniken in ihrer natürlichen Position und Form darstellen. Zudem sind sie geruchsfrei, infektionslos und extrem haltbar. Der Vorteil der sekundären Scheibenplastination gegenüber der Scheibenplastination liegt in der Möglichkeit Präparate mit eingelagertem Metall, wie zum Beispiel Endoprothesen, als Scheibenplastinat darzustellen. Die Nachteile beider Techniken sind die hohen Kosten für Verbrauchsmaterial und Gerätschaft, sowie der hohe zeitliche Aufwand um bestimmte Problematiken zu zeigen.For several decades scientists try to present intraosseous blood vessels in anatomical specimen. From 12th to 16th April in 1977 von Hagens demonstrated his “ New possibilities in plastic embedding of histological specimen and dry macroscopical specimen” to the anatomical society in Aachen. This new possibility of plastic embadding in human medicine led to a revolution in anatomical an histological plastination. From that day on it is possible to preserve several, in toto or sliced, biological tissues almost realistic. With this kind of methods, the slice plastination an the secondary slide plastination, we dissected six distal limbs of horses to demonstrate the intraosseous blood supply. Five distal limbs were dissected by the method of the slide plastination, one distal limb was dissected by the method of the secondary slide plastination. Both methods of slice plastination can demonstrate intraosseous blood vessels. But therefor you need a high degree of three- dimensional visual thinking to track the pathway of several blood vessels in those plastinate slices. Moreover both methods gain leverage as compared with other methods of tissue fixation. Nearly each biolgical tissue can be demonstrated in their natural form and position. They are also odourless, infectionless and extremly durable. The advantage of the secondary slice plastination in comparison to the secondary slice plastination is the option to demonstrate an anatomical specimen with metall prostheses, like endoprotheses, in sliced plastinates. The disadvantages of both methods are the enormus costs for expendable items and equipment, and the extra effort to demonstrate specific problematics

The central region of CNOT1 and CNOT9 stimulate deadenylation by the Ccr4 Not nuclease module

Regulated degradation of cytoplasmic mRNA is important for the accurate execution of gene expression programmes in eukaryotic cells. A key step in this process is the shortening and removal of the mRNA poly(A) tail, which can be achieved by the recruitment of the multi-subunit Ccr4-Not nuclease complex via sequence-specific RNA binding proteins or the microRNA machinery. The Ccr4-Not complex contains several modules that are attached to its large subunit CNOT1. Modules include the nuclease module, which associates with the MIF4G domain of CNOT1 and contains the catalytic subunits Caf1 and Ccr4, as well as the module containing the non-catalytic CNOT9 subunit, which binds to the DUF3819 domain of CNOT1. To understand the contributions of the individual modules to the activity of the complex, we have started to reconstitute sub-complexes of the human Ccr4-Not complex containing one or several functional modules. Here, we report the reconstitution of a pentameric complex including a BTG2-Caf1-Ccr4 nuclease module, CNOT9 and the central region of CNOT1 encompassing the MIF4G and DUF3819 domains. By comparing the biochemical activities of the pentameric complex and the nuclease module, we conclude that the CNOT1-CNOT9 components stimulate deadenylation by the nuclease module. In addition, we show that a pentameric complex containing the melanoma-associated CNOT9 P131L variant is able to support deadenylation similar to a complex containing the wild type CNOT9 protein

Identification and Analysis of Young Star Cluster Candidates in M31

We present a method for finding clusters of young stars in M31 using broadband WFPC2 data from the HST data archive. Applying our identification method to 13 WFPC2 fields, covering an area of ~60 arcmin^2, has revealed 79 new candidate young star clusters in these portions of the M31 disk. Most of these clusters are small (~<5 pc) young (~10-200 Myr) star groups located within large OB associations. We have estimated the reddening values and the ages of each candidate individually by fitting isochrones to the stellar photometry. We provide a catalog of the candidates including rough approximations of their reddenings and ages. We also look for patterns of cluster formation with galactocentric distance, but our rough estimates are not precise enough to reveal any clear patterns.Comment: 32 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, accepted to Ap

Dissociation between short-term increased graft survival and long-term functional improvements in Parkinsonian rats overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor.

The present study was designed to analyse whether continuous overexpression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the striatum by a recombinant lentiviral vector can provide improved cell survival and additional long-term functional benefits after transplantation of fetal ventral mesencephalic cells in Parkinsonian rats. A four-site intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion resulted in an 80–90% depletion of nigral dopamine cells and striatal fiber innervation, leading to stable motor impairments. Histological analysis performed at 4 weeks after grafting into the GDNF-overexpressing striatum revealed a twofold increase in the number of surviving tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells, as compared with grafts placed in control (green fluorescent protein-overexpressing) animals. However, in animals that were allowed to survive for 6 months, the numbers of surviving TH-positive cells in the grafts were equal in both groups, suggesting that the cells initially protected at 4 weeks failed to survive despite the continued presence of GDNF. Although cell survival was similar in both grafted groups, the TH-positive fiber innervation density was lower in the GDNF-treated grafted animals (30% of normal) compared with animals with control grafts (55% of normal). The vesicular monoamine transporter-2-positive fiber density in the striatum, by contrast, was equal in both groups, suggesting that long-term GDNF overexpression induced a selective down-regulation of TH in the grafted dopamine neurons. Behavioral analysis in the long-term grafted animals showed that the control grafted animals improved their performance in spontaneous motor behaviors to approximately 50% of normal, whereas the GDNF treatment did not provide any additional recovery

Low infection rate despite increasing contamination over surgery time

Purpose: During knee arthroscopy, irrigation fluid from the surgical site accumulates in the sterile reservoir. Whether these fluid collections and also suture material used during the arthroscopic surgical processes show bacterial contamination over time during surgery remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine this contamination rate and to analyze its possible influence on postoperative infection. Materials and methods: In this study, 155 patients were included. Fifty-eight underwent reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), 63 meniscal surgery and 34 patients combined ACL reconstruction and meniscus repair. We collected pooled samples of irrigation fluid from the reservoir on the sterile drape every 15 min during the surgery. In addition, we evaluated suture material of ACL graft and meniscus repair for bacterial contamination. Samples were sent for microbiological analysis, incubation time was 14 days. All patients were seen in the outpatient department 6, 12 weeks and 12 months postoperatively and examined for clinical signs of infection. Results: A strong statistical correlation (R-2 = 0.81, p = 0.015) was found between an advanced duration of surgery and the number of positive microbiological findings in the accumulated fluid. Suture and fixation material showed a contamination rate of 28.4% (29 cases). Despite the high contamination rate, only one infection was found in the follow-up examinations, caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Conclusion: Since bacterial contamination of accumulated fluid increases over time the contact with the fluid reservoirs should be avoided

Optimizing sustainment logistics for a U.S. Army infantry brigade combat team with integer programming

Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of Western Decision Sciences Institute. The article of record as published may be found at http://wdsinet.org/Annual_Meetings/2020_Proceedings/ProceedingsPapers.htmlThe U.S. Army has directed the manning and equipping Brigade Support Battalions to fulfill the organic sustainment needs of brigades, as An Army Infantry Brigade Combat Team cannot organically transport all of its assigned assets. We formulated an integer programming model to optimize sustainment outcomes of supported units and analyze risk associated with shortfalls that may arise. We developed a scenario reflecting the steady resupply of an Infantry BCT during combat operations and a system for prioritizing competing resupply needs. Our mathematical modeling framework provides a foundation on which more advanced applications and analysis can be developed in the future